5.) With changes in the world's weather, more extreme events are occurring. If the magnitude of, and areas affected by these events can be predicted, action can be taken to reduce the damage. It is possible to predict many of these events by using data initially collected at weather stations. This data is then transferred and added to a weather database and can be used in computer models and simulations.
By collecting weather data over long periods of time, the climate of these locations can also be established. Computers can be used to map the current weather patterns against the climate to see whether the climate is changing. From this information governments can take action to cope with future climate changes such as by improving flood defences.
By collecting weather data over long periods of time, the climate of these locations can also be established. Computers can be used to map the current weather patterns against the climate to see whether the climate is changing. From this information governments can take action to cope with future climate changes such as by improving flood defences.
a.)Identify two ways that data collected in a weather station could be transferred to the weather database. (2 marks)
One way that data could be transferred to the weather database would be through email, which would probably be the easiest way to transfer the data from the weather station to the weather database, as it would be the easiest and least troublesome method to use. Another method that may be used would be a log-in forum for the staff of the weather station and the weather database staff. This may be less convenient but in the end it may be more secure.
b.)Describe the differences between a computer model and a computer simulation. (4 marks)
The differences between a computer model and a computer simulation rely on the methods the programs use as well as how they display data. A computer model tends to crunch data; you input the data and it uses mathematical models to predict the outcome, whereas a computer simulation actually simulates the outcome, showing what it predicts to happen. the models tend to be more useful when crunching hard data, whereas the simulations are more useful in testing and weather mapping.
c.)Explain why the path of a hurricane may not match the prediction from the computer simulation. (4 marks)
The path of a hurricane may not match the prediction from the computer simulation because you cannot always account for all the variables. They can't account for where the hurricane may start as there is know way to know where it would form until it has actually formed, and there is no way to accurately predict where that may be. There are probabilities to where it may start, but never the certainty to where it would start. Also the model would be unable to exactly account for the temperatures where the hurricane was formed, and where it is traveling to. Again there are likely probabilities, but despite this there is no replacement for exactness. They cannot account for the them as there is no way to know what the temperatures would be during the time until it is actually happening. In hurricanes that have already been formed there are lees unknowns to consider, as you know the current temperatures and where it originated, but there is no accounting for sudden, unexpected changes that could have a drastic impact on the hurricane. This impact would be virtually unforeseen, and could end up causing lots of problems for the responders on land.
d.)Evaluate the use of different IT systems could help a country prepare against natural disasters. (10 marks)
One IT system that may help would be a data recovery system for the state's records, all stored in a secure location in order to ensure their accuracy, and continually updated. This way, after a natural disaster strikes they know where the most people live and where to deploy the first responders in order to maximize the amount of lives saved by the first responders. These records should also contain records of areas with hazardous materials that could be released by a natural disaster.
One way that data could be transferred to the weather database would be through email, which would probably be the easiest way to transfer the data from the weather station to the weather database, as it would be the easiest and least troublesome method to use. Another method that may be used would be a log-in forum for the staff of the weather station and the weather database staff. This may be less convenient but in the end it may be more secure.
b.)Describe the differences between a computer model and a computer simulation. (4 marks)
The differences between a computer model and a computer simulation rely on the methods the programs use as well as how they display data. A computer model tends to crunch data; you input the data and it uses mathematical models to predict the outcome, whereas a computer simulation actually simulates the outcome, showing what it predicts to happen. the models tend to be more useful when crunching hard data, whereas the simulations are more useful in testing and weather mapping.
c.)Explain why the path of a hurricane may not match the prediction from the computer simulation. (4 marks)
The path of a hurricane may not match the prediction from the computer simulation because you cannot always account for all the variables. They can't account for where the hurricane may start as there is know way to know where it would form until it has actually formed, and there is no way to accurately predict where that may be. There are probabilities to where it may start, but never the certainty to where it would start. Also the model would be unable to exactly account for the temperatures where the hurricane was formed, and where it is traveling to. Again there are likely probabilities, but despite this there is no replacement for exactness. They cannot account for the them as there is no way to know what the temperatures would be during the time until it is actually happening. In hurricanes that have already been formed there are lees unknowns to consider, as you know the current temperatures and where it originated, but there is no accounting for sudden, unexpected changes that could have a drastic impact on the hurricane. This impact would be virtually unforeseen, and could end up causing lots of problems for the responders on land.
d.)Evaluate the use of different IT systems could help a country prepare against natural disasters. (10 marks)
One IT system that may help would be a data recovery system for the state's records, all stored in a secure location in order to ensure their accuracy, and continually updated. This way, after a natural disaster strikes they know where the most people live and where to deploy the first responders in order to maximize the amount of lives saved by the first responders. These records should also contain records of areas with hazardous materials that could be released by a natural disaster.
Another IT system that could be used to help prepare a country for natural disasters would be some type of early warning system. It would be difficult to do so in a way that would effectively warn all people in the area, but it would be possible. A combination of emergency TV broadcasts, sirens, radio broadcasts, and possibly a text system could be used to spread the word of impending doom, thereby warning the general populace.
A third IT system that may assist in preparing for natural disasters, or at least weather related natural disasters, would be some sort of weather monitoring system that would keep track of weather changes and alert meteorologists to worrisome changes, and they could then pass on the information and utilize the warning system, and first responders. All three of these systems could assist governments prepare, and respond to natural disasters that may strike.
A third IT system that may assist in preparing for natural disasters, or at least weather related natural disasters, would be some sort of weather monitoring system that would keep track of weather changes and alert meteorologists to worrisome changes, and they could then pass on the information and utilize the warning system, and first responders. All three of these systems could assist governments prepare, and respond to natural disasters that may strike.
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